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Miniature breeds of cats, such as toy Persians have become very popular in recent times. These smaller breeds are also referred to as "teacup kittens". This popularity is due to trends in housing, where people are living in smaller houses and apartments. Therefore smaller pets are preferred.
Toy cats are produced by specific selection and breeding of the smallest kittens. The aim after repeated breeding is to produce perfectly proportioned miniature versions of the standard size cats. The toy versions of a breed have the same physical traits and characteristics as the large versions of the same breed. Common breeds used to produce teacup, or miniature versions, are Himalayans and Persians.
A normal sized cat can weigh anything between 10 to 17 pounds. However some cats can fall outside this weight range. Some less than reputable breeders may try to sell cats under ten pounds as a teacup cat when actually the weight of the cat falls within the standard weight range. It is not right to generalise and say that any feline less than 10 pounds is a miniature cat. Generally a toy sized cat weighs between 3 and 8 pounds.
The Napoleon Cat is a hybrid of the Munchkin and Persian breeds such as the Himalayan Persian. The Napoleon combines traits from both breeds into a unique look. It is a short-legged cat round eyes and a colourful coat.
Lambkins are a cross of the Munchkin, which is already a small breed, and the Selkirk Rex. This results in a cute cat with short legs and a soft, curly coat.
The MiniPer is a combination of a Persian and Exotic breed. Their bodies are completely proportionate so that they are just smaller that a normal Persian or Exotic.
Toy cats are expensive to buy from a reputable breeder and can cost anywhere from 00 to 00 depending on the breed, size and colour of the individual.
Cats have lived with humans through various times and cultures, but only a few hundred years were selected and mated with the aim to produce a particular race with a clear genetic and definite.
Compared to dogs that have evolved over time, with a variety of race, size, shape and character, racial variation is narrower cat. Unlike dogs, variations in size and conformation of different races is not much different cat.
What is a Pedigree? Pedigree Simply means lineage. Cats with Pedigree (pedigreed cat) is a cat that genealogy is known to previous generations. This pedigree must be a written record (certificate).
Pure persians cats could be mated with a pure Siamese cat. Although both cat genealogy clear, the resulting child can not be expressed as a new race (Persian / Siamese) to the resulting child has characteristics that clear and consistent
Race Cats Based on the hair, race cat can be divided into three groups, namely the long hair (longhair), short hair (shorthair) and the hair is (semi-longhair). Here is a list of races that are classified based on cats hair length:
Longhair:
- Persia
Semi longhair:
- Birman
- Turkish Van
- Turkish Angora
- Somali
- Maine Coon
- Norwegian Forest
- Balinese
- Javanese
- Ragdoll
- Tiffanie
- Tiffany
- Cymric
Shorthair:
- Exotic Shorthair
- British Shorthair
- American Shorthair
- European Shorthair
- Chartreux
- Oriental Shorthair
- Siamese
- Snowshoe
- Seychellois
- Abyssinian
- Rusian Blue
- Korat
- Burmese
- Asian Group
- Burmilla
- Bombay
- Bengal
- Tonkinese
- Egyptian Mau
- Singapura
- Ocicat
- Japanese Bobtail
- Manx
- Cornish Rex
- Devon Rex
- Selkirk Rex
- American Curl
- Scottish Fold
- American Wirehair
- Sphynx
Here are some cats that formed races because of genetic mutations:
- American Bobtail
- American Curl
- American Wirehair
- Cornish Rex
- Cymric
- Devon Rex
- German Rex
- Japanese Bobtail
- Kurilian Bobtail
- LaPerm
- Manx
- Munchkin
- Ojos Azules
- Peterbald
- Pixie
-bob
- Selkirk Rex
- Scottish Fold
- Sphynx
Race cat obtained by breeding with wild cats:
- Alpine Lynx
- Bengal
- Chausie
- Desert Lynx
- Highland Lynx
- Jaguarundi Curl
- Savannah
- Serengeti
- Toyger
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The concept of selective breeding was first discovered in the mid 1800 by the Austrian monk by Johann Mendel. He put forth two "laws" that fell into obscurity until their rediscovery in the early 1900s.
Mendel's first law stated that if two parents of pure strains are crossed and they differ in only one trait for which one has two dominant factors (his word for genes) and the other has two recessive factors, all the offspring of the first generation will display the dominant factor trait. For example, the crossing of a true breeding black coated parent and a true breeding blue coated parent will result in a black coated kitten, Black is dominant over blue.
The second law states that crossing of the offspring will then produce variety in that same trait. Some will look like each of the grandparents in terms of that trait and some will look like neither. Therefore, some of the next generation will have black coats, some blue coats and some will have other coloured coats.
We know today that all features of any cat or any living creature for that matter, are controlled by genes, which are situated on chromosomes. When fertilization takes place, the sperm cell from the male unites with the egg cell from the female and the chromosomes of the created offspring are arranged in pairs. Half of each pairs comes from the father, while the other half comes from the mother. Thus, the newly created animal is given its genetic programming, its features have been determined.
Breeders attempt to produce Kittens with top show potential by continuing the best features of the parents and improving on other features. They can concentrate entirely on the esthetic qualities, because the usefulness of the animal in terms of function need not be considered. Whereas breeders of other animals may also consider "abilities" or purpose of what the offspring is to be used for such as race horses, beef cattle, working dogs where appearance many not be the number one reason.
New Breeds and varieties are established in one of 3 ways.
Mutation-such Cat breeds as the Sphynx, American Wirehair, Cornish Rex and Devon Rex are examples. Mutations are impossible to predict, but when they occur, they are passed onto subsequent generations like any other gene.
Recombination of Mutant Genes-this generally gives us new color varieties rather than entirely new breeds. It is how breeders eventually developed a dozen varieties of the Burmese Cat.
Ongoing Selection of the Polygenes-also known as the quantitative genes, to produce the desired characteristic. No mutation is involved, only the selection for further breeding of the members from each new generation that best demonstrates the desired characteristics. The Siamese was a man-made process for many generations.
Mutation can explain the fact that kittens of domestic cats are born domestic. With most wild species, the domestication process must be repeated with each new generation. Another important term in breeding is "inbreeding". This in itself, is neither good not bad. It is simply a process.
Breeders commonly use inbreeding to purify bloodlines, such as breeding the best to the best to get closer to that "ideal" cat. Inbred offspring resemble each other more with each new generation. But with inbreeding, caution must be exercised to ensure that no harmful recessive trait is brought out. For example in some animals, temperament, poor confirmation.
If a Cat Breeder wanted to obtain long haired kittens with point coloring, they would breed a "purebred" longhair ie. black and cross it with a pointed shorthair ie. Siamese. The genes for the black color and short hair are dominant and so all of the kittens will have these characteristics. However, all of the kittens will also have genes for point coloring and long hair. Than, if some of these kittens are crossed, the next generation could include cats with various permutations of the four characteristics (black/point/long haired/shorthaired), including some of the desired longhaired cats with the point coloring.
You will often hear the words "Homozygous" which means breeding true. Heterzygous is "mixed" or considered the "recessive" gene. As you first experiment with your breeding, you may note that some of your litters are consistent, others are not as they will contain both of the above dominant and recessive genes. However, as you continue to mate some of the selected offsprings, this is when "selective breeding" will bring out the desired feline offsprings.
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